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The mattress is the most vital single component of a bed for comfort, particularly if you choose a bedstead which is essentially a stylish base to support the mattress and without a sprung base.

Modern technology has changed the mattress beyond recognition from its earliest predecessors of only 20 years ago. Using high tensile steel in springs, topped with layers of traditional felt, wool, cotton and more modern fillings of foam, latex, polyester padding, manufacturers can now combine all or some of these materials to give you different 'feels' like never before. Indeed the latest trends are towards no springs and different density layers of high resilient foams and, or, latex and polyester.

For simplicity I have grouped mattresses into 5 groups:-
1. Open Coil Springs
2. Pocket Sprung
3. Latex + Memory Foam
4. Combination of Memory Foam, Latex + open coil spring unit.
5. No Turn Mattresses

 

Essentially this means the core of the mattress is made of connected springs with a thicker gauge wire round the edge, to hold it all within a frame. Then, layers of padding are fastened to the top and bottom of the unit so you don't feel the springs. The spring unit supports your body weight and the fillings give you the comfort.
The tempered wire which makes the spring unit is made of either 12 gauge or 13.5 gauge wire (gauge means thickness)
13.5 gauge is a thinner wire and gives you a softer feel than 12 gauge which is used in firmer or so called orthopaedic mattresses. Most mattresses contain 13.5 gauge wire.
However, the filling top and bottom used by the manufacturer can also make the mattress feel firmer or softer. So each mattress feels different.
Here, individual springs are contained within individual cloth bags and so move up and down independently of one another to support the contours of your body.
Then they are covered top and bottom with various layers of different fillings, so you don't feel the supporting springs.
Finally a pocket sprung mattress is tufted to hold the springs in place.


Tufting means a length of tape inserted at intervals from the top of the mattress to the bottom with a long needle, about 40cms in length. The purpose of the tuft is
(a) To stabilise the padding in place so it does not move
(b) To stabilise the springs in place especially in the case of individual pocket springs, so they do not move out of place
(c) To compress both padding and springs, thereby giving a mattress a firmer feel.

Quilting is a different treatment to the sleep surface of the mattress. A quilted pattern is sewn through the top fabric or ticking and upper layer of final padding to bind the layer/s of padding together, to stop it moving and to improve the aesthetics of the mattress surface.

Foam - We are all familiar with foam in cushions on sofas, car seats etc. It is a product of the oil industry and has many applications. Since its invention, it has revolutionised the upholstery and packaging industries, making new shapes and styles possible.
Latex - Predated foam and is natural rubber, derived from the rubber tree. Because it is a crop and harvested by hand it can be quite expensive but has a certain malleability and compression quite unlike foam.
Memory Foam - is a recent invention and a spin off from the space industry. When first used in the bed industry it was used in the health industry to combat bed sores and is now making its impact in the domestic bed industry. When compressed it moulds itself around your body shape and can be extremely comfortable. It returns to its original shape to a remarkable degree - better than foam or latex.
Some mattresses are made without springs whatsoever - in all foam, all latex, all memory foam or, indeed, combinations of all three, to give differing density levels.
Also, foam or latex or memory foam is used as 'cappers' above traditional spring interiors, to give you the best of both worlds.
Traditionally all mattresses needed to be turned from top to bottom and, also, flipped over. This was to equalise wear areas and give the more traditional fillings a chance to recover their former shape.
Most spring interior mattresses still require this and always follow each individual manufacturer's advice on their particular mattresses.
However, now there is a new generation of mattresses, particularly those made with an interior spring unit and topped with a layer or layers of foam, latex or memory foam, which do not require 'flipping over'.
These mattresses have one sleep surface only.
Advantages to this are less maintenance - no longer to you need to flip over your mattress - it can be a difficult feat for the elderly or infirm.
Another advantage is keeping costs down - both latex and memory foam are expensive commodities - so by putting it on one sleep surface only it brings the cost of these hi-tech mattresses down. This makes them more affordable for a greater number of people.
No turn mattresses are as good as reversible mattresses, despite only having one sleep surface.


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